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Common Causes of Leg Swelling
Understanding the root cause of swollen legs is key to choosing the right treatment. The most common causes include:
- Prolonged standing or sitting
- Injury or trauma (sprains, fractures)
- Venous insufficiency (poor vein function)
- Lymphedema (lymphatic system dysfunction)
- Heart failure
- Kidney disease
- Liver cirrhosis
- Infections (cellulitis)
- Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis – DVT)
- Medications (calcium channel blockers, steroids, NSAIDs)
Diagnosis: Step-by-Step Method
Step 1: Medical History
A doctor will first ask about:
- Onset and duration of swelling
- Pain levels and other symptoms
- Any existing health conditions
Step 2: Physical Examination
The healthcare provider checks:
- Extent and location of swelling
- Signs of pitting edema
- Skin condition and temperature
Step 3: Diagnostic Tests
Depending on the suspected cause, tests may include:
- Blood tests (to check liver, kidney, and heart function)
- Urinalysis
- Ultrasound (to rule out blood clots or venous insufficiency)
- X-rays or MRI (for structural damage or injuries)
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